二十世紀中葉以來,新生兒的照護醫學方面有了長足的進步,過去的早產兒當被判為有缺陷後便放棄救治,但隨著藥物、儀器的發明與照護技術的改進,已成功救治越來越多的早產兒,早產及體重不足所引發的問題也藉由突破性的技術,讓孩子可以健康平安地成長。
保溫箱的發明提供新生兒保溫、乾淨且安全的環境。表面張力素的應用、吸入性一氧化氮分析儀與各種呼吸器的使用,讓早產兒可以渡過呼吸衰竭的階段而存活下來。二十世紀末期還有一項重大突破-低溫治療的應用:藉由冷卻嬰兒的體溫(尤其是頭部)而達到減少缺氧缺血性腦傷害、保護腦部功能的重要措施。
本展區呈現新生兒照護各種儀器、醫材的應用,另有介紹新生兒成長的里程碑,包括各個年齡層(五歲以下)在生長與發育方面的表現,可做為參訪者或家長對一般嬰幼兒成長過程的參考指標。
*表面張力素 (Surfactant)
*吸入性一氧化氮 (Inhaled NO)
*高頻震盪呼吸器 (High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilator)
高頻震盪呼吸器目前廣泛使用於新生兒與早產兒呼吸相關問題,如早產兒呼吸窘迫症、慢性肺病、氣胸、肺動脈高壓、胎便吸入症與新生兒肺炎。過去用於治療新生兒及早產兒的傳統呼吸器容易造成肺部過度膨脹集氣漏。
藉由此種人工呼吸器輔助,給予有需要的新生兒及早產兒每分鐘600次的「高頻震盪式呼吸」,幫助嬰兒維持生存所需的氧氣交換,更重要的是避免呼吸道及肺部受損。隨著高頻呼吸器的廣泛使用,已大幅降低嬰幼兒使用葉克膜的比例。
資料來源: 輔大附設醫院 洪焜隆醫師提供
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Development of care for the newborn
The field of neonatal care has seen considerable progress since the mid-20th century. In the past, doctors, would not treat physical defects resulting from premature birth. However, technological advancements and the invention of new medicines and medical instruments have resulted in more and more premature children being treated successfully. Breakthroughs in technology have made it possible to treat issues related to premature or underweight birth, allowing the children to grow up happy and healthy.
With the invention of the incubator, doctors were able to provide a warm, clean and safe environment for newborn children. In addition, surfactants, nitric oxide inhalation analyzers, and respirators enable premature children to survive in the event of respiratory failure. The end of the 20th century saw yet another breakthrough: the use of cryotherapy. Lowering a child’s body temperature, especially in the head, is an important measure to reduce brain damage resulting from a lack of oxygen or blood and to protect brain function.
The exhibition presents the medical instruments and supplies used in neonatal care. It also presents the milestones in a child’s development, including the growth and developmental stages of each age group (up to the age of five). Visitors are able to use this information as a reference for the general development process of young children.